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pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - estradiol (unii: 4ti98z838e) (estradiol - unii:4ti98z838e) - estradiol 2 mg - estring is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of vulvar and vaginal atrophy due to menopause. estring is contraindicated in women with any of the following conditions: how should i use estring? estring is a local estrogen therapy used after menopause to treat moderate to severe menopausal changes in and around the vagina. estring provides relief of local symptoms of menopause only. estrogens should be used only as long as needed. you and your healthcare provider should talk regularly (for example, every 3 to 6 months) about whether you still need treatment with estring. estring insertion estring can be inserted and removed by you or your doctor or healthcare provider. to insert estring yourself, choose the position that is most comfortable for you: standing with one leg up, squatting, or lying down. estring placement the exact position of estring is not critical, as long as it is placed in the upper third of the vagina. when estring is in place, you should not feel anything. if you fee

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - doxycycline (unii: n12000u13o) (doxycycline anhydrous - unii:334895s862) - doxycycline anhydrous 25 mg in 5 ml - to reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain effectiveness of vibramycin and other antibacterial drugs, vibramycin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. when culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. in the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. doxycycline is indicated for the treatment of the following infections: doxycycline is also indicated for the treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative microorganisms: because many strains of the following groups of microorganisms have been shown to be resistant to doxycycline, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended. doxycycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram-negative bacteria, when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug: doxycycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by the following gram-positive microorganisms when bacteriologic testing indicates appropriate susceptibility to the drug: when penicillin is contraindicated, doxycycline is an alternative drug in the treatment of the following infections: in acute intestinal amebiasis, doxycycline may be a useful adjunct to amebicides. in severe acne, doxycycline may be useful adjunctive therapy. doxycycline is indicated for the prophylaxis of malaria due to plasmodium falciparum in short-term travelers (<4 months) to areas with chloroquine and/or pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine resistant strains. (see dosage and administration section and information for patients subsection of the precautions section.) this drug is contraindicated in persons who have shown hypersensitivity to any of the tetracyclines.

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pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - sildenafil citrate (unii: bw9b0ze037) (sildenafil - unii:3m7ob98y7h) - sildenafil 25 mg - viagra is indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. consistent with its known effects on the nitric oxide/cgmp pathway [see clinical pharmacology (12.1, 12.2) ], viagra was shown to potentiate the hypotensive effects of nitrates, and its administration to patients who are using nitric oxide donors such as organic nitrates or organic nitrites in any form either regularly and/or intermittently is therefore contraindicated. after patients have taken viagra, it is unknown when nitrates, if necessary, can be safely administered. although plasma levels of sildenafil at 24 hours post dose are much lower than at peak concentration, it is unknown whether nitrates can be safely co-administered at this time point [see dosage and administration (2.3), drug interactions (7.1), and clinical pharmacology (12.2) ]. viagra is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to sildenafil, as contained in viagra and revatio, or any component of the tablet. hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, in

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - fosphenytoin sodium (unii: 7vlr55452z) (phenytoin - unii:6158tkw0c5) - phenytoin sodium 50 mg in 1 ml - cerebyx is indicated for the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during neurosurgery. cerebyx can also be substituted, short-term, for oral phenytoin. cerebyx should be used only when oral phenytoin administration is not possible [see dosage and administration (2.4) and warnings and precautions (5.2)] . cerebyx is contraindicated in patients with: - a history of hypersensitivity to cerebyx or its inactive ingredients, or to phenytoin or other hydantoins [see warnings and precautions (5.6)] . reactions have included angioedema. - sinus bradycardia, sino-atrial block, second and third degree a-v block, or adams-stokes syndrome because of the effect of parenteral phenytoin or cerebyx on ventricular automaticity. - a history of prior acute hepatotoxicity attributable to cerebyx or phenytoin [see warnings and precautions (5.8)] . - coadministration with delavirdine because of the potential for loss of virologic response and possible resist

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - amlodipine besylate (unii: 864v2q084h) (amlodipine - unii:1j444qc288) - amlodipine 2.5 mg - norvasc® is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including norvasc. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program's joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms of action, have been shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it can be concluded that it is blood pressure reduction, and not some other pharmacologic property of the drugs, that is largely responsible for those benefits. the largest and most consistent cardiovascular outcome benefit has been a reduction in the risk of stroke, but reductions in myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality also have been seen regularly. elevated systolic or diastolic pressure causes increased cardiovascular risk, and the absolute risk increase per mmhg is greater at higher blood pressures, so that even modest reductions of severe hypertension can provide substantial benefit. relative risk reduction from blood pressure reduction is similar across populations with varying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). these considerations may guide selection of therapy. norvasc may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. norvasc is contraindicated in patients with known sensitivity to amlodipine. risk summary the limited available data based on post-marketing reports with norvasc use in pregnant women are not sufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. there are risks to the mother and fetus associated with poorly controlled hypertension in pregnancy [see error! hyperlink reference not valid. ] . in animal reproduction studies, there was no evidence of adverse developmental effects when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with amlodipine maleate during organogenesis at doses approximately 10 and 20-times the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd), respectively. however for rats, litter size was significantly decreased (by about 50%) and the number of intrauterine deaths was significantly increased (about 5-fold). amlodipine has been shown to prolong both the gestation period and the duration of labor in rats at this dose [see error! hyperlink reference not valid. ]. the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss or other adverse outcomes. in the u.s. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. clinical considerations disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk hypertension in pregnancy increases the maternal risk for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature delivery, and delivery complications (e.g., need for cesarean section and post-partum hemorrhage). hypertension increases the fetal risk for intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine death. pregnant women with hypertension should be carefully monitored and managed accordingly. data animal data no evidence of teratogenicity or other embryo/fetal toxicity was found when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with amlodipine maleate at doses up to 10 mg amlodipine/kg/day (approximately 10 and 20 times the mrhd based on body surface area, respectively) during their respective periods of major organogenesis. however for rats, litter size was significantly decreased (by about 50%) and the number of intrauterine deaths was significantly increased (about 5-fold) in rats receiving amlodipine maleate at a dose equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine/kg/day for 14 days before mating and throughout mating and gestation. amlodipine maleate has been shown to prolong both the gestation period and the duration of labor in rats at this dose. risk summary limited available data from a published clinical lactation study reports that amlodipine is present in human milk at an estimated median relative infant dose of 4.2%. no adverse effects of amlodipine on the breastfed infant have been observed. there is no available information on the effects of amlodipine on milk production. norvasc (2.5 to 5 mg daily) is effective in lowering blood pressure in patients 6 to 17 years [see clinical studies (14.1)] . clinical studies of norvasc did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. in general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. elderly patients have decreased clearance of amlodipine with a resulting increase of auc of approximately 40–60%, and a lower initial dose may be required [see dosage and administration (2.1)] .

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - prazosin hydrochloride (unii: x0z7454b90) (prazosin - unii:xm03yj541d) - prazosin 1 mg - minipress is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes, including this drug. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program's joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanis

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - nadolol (unii: fen504330v) (nadolol - unii:fen504330v), bendroflumethiazide (unii: 5q52x6icji) (bendroflumethiazide - unii:5q52x6icji) - nadolol 40 mg - corzide (nadolol and bendroflumethiazide tablets) is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including the classes to which this drug principally belongs. there are no controlled trials demonstrating risk reduction with corzide. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program's joint national committee on prevention, detection, ev

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - verapamil hydrochloride (unii: v3888oey5r) (verapamil - unii:cj0o37ku29) - verapamil hydrochloride 120 mg - calan sr is indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. these benefits have been seen in controlled trials of antihypertensive drugs from a wide variety of pharmacologic classes including this drug. control of high blood pressure should be part of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management, including, as appropriate, lipid control, diabetes management, antithrombotic therapy, smoking cessation, exercise, and limited sodium intake. many patients will require more than one drug to achieve blood pressure goals. for specific advice on goals and management, see published guidelines, such as those of the national high blood pressure education program's joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (jnc). numerous antihypertensive drugs, from a variety of pharmacologic classes and with different mechanisms

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - azithromycin dihydrate (unii: 5fd1131i7s) (azithromycin anhydrous - unii:j2klz20u1m) - azithromycin anhydrous 600 mg - zithromax is a macrolide antibacterial drug indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the specific conditions listed below. non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis due to chlamydia trachomatis prophylaxis of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease zithromax, taken alone or in combination with rifabutin at its approved dose, is indicated for the prevention of disseminated mac disease in persons with advanced hiv infection [see dosage and administration (2)]. treatment of disseminated mac disease zithromax, taken in combination with ethambutol, is indicated for the treatment of disseminated mac infections in persons with advanced hiv infection [see use in specific populations (8.4) and clinical studies (14.1)]. to reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of zithromax and other antibacterial drugs, zithromax should be used only to treat infections that are prove

미국 - 영어 - NLM (National Library of Medicine)

pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc - crisaborole (unii: q2r47hgr7p) (crisaborole - unii:q2r47hgr7p) - crisaborole 20 mg in 1 g - eucrisa is indicated for topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in adult and pediatric patients 3 months of age and older. eucrisa is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to crisaborole or any component of the formulation. [see warnings and precautions (5.1)] risk summary available data from case reports with eucrisa use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. in animal reproduction studies, there were no adverse developmental effects observed with oral administration of crisaborole in pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses up to 3 and 2 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human dose (mrhd) (see data ). the background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. all pregnancies carry some risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. the background risk of major birth defects in the u.s. general population is 2% to 4% and of miscarriage is 15% to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. data animal data rat and rabbit embryo-fetal development was assessed after oral administration of crisaborole. crisaborole did not cause adverse effects to the fetus at oral doses up to 300 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis (3 times the mrhd on an area under the curve (auc) comparison basis). no crisaborole-related fetal malformations were noted after oral treatment with crisaborole in pregnant rats at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day (13 times the mrhd on an auc comparison basis) during the period of organogenesis. maternal toxicity was produced at this high dose of 600 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats and was associated with decreased fetal body weight and delayed skeletal ossification. crisaborole did not cause adverse effects to the fetus at oral doses up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg/day in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis (2 times the mrhd on an auc comparison basis). in a prenatal/postnatal development study, pregnant rats were treated with crisaborole at doses of 150, 300, or 600 mg/kg/day by oral gavage during gestation and lactation (from gestation day 7 through day 20 of lactation). crisaborole did not have any adverse effects on fetal development at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (3 times the mrhd on an auc comparison basis). maternal toxicity was produced at the high dose of 600 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats and was associated with stillbirths, pup mortality, and reduced pup weights. risk summary there is no information available on the presence of eucrisa in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production after topical application of eucrisa to women who are breastfeeding. eucrisa is systemically absorbed. the lack of clinical data during lactation precludes a clear determination of the risk of eucrisa to a breastfed infant. therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for eucrisa and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from eucrisa or from the underlying maternal condition. the safety and effectiveness of eucrisa have been established in pediatric patients ages 3 months and older for topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. use of eucrisa administered twice daily in this age group is supported by data from two 28-day adequate, vehicle-controlled safety and efficacy trials (1,313 pediatric subjects ages 2 years to 17 years of whom 874 received eucrisa), a 28-day open-label, safety and pharmacokinetics (pk) trial (137 subjects ages 3 months to less than 2 years who received eucrisa), and another trial with an open-label period of up to 8 weeks (327 pediatric subjects ages 5 months to less than 18 years who received eucrisa) [see clinical pharmacology (12.3) and clinical studies (14)] . the safety and effectiveness of eucrisa in pediatric patients below the age of 3 months have not been established. clinical studies of eucrisa did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.